Affirmative-Negative Question

This is a very common way to ask questions in Chinese. It is similar to English when we ask something like this, “Do you hear me or not?”, “Do you like it or not?”, “Is this expensive or not?”. When forming this type of question, we will first put a verb/adj in the positive, and then it will be followed by a negative form of the same verb/adj.

verb + bù + verb + (object) （Used in the present tense or the future tense）
qù	nǐ qù bù qù? ——>You go or not go? (Are you going or not? ) 你去不去？	Note that this is one-word verb, so you can just apply to the structure as it is “verb + bù+ verb”
qù zhōngguó	nǐ qù bù qù zhōngguó？——> You go to or not go to China? (Are you going to China or not?) 你去不去中国？	Note that if you want to add an object after the verb such as qù + zhōngguó, chī + jiǎozi, etc., then you will use this structure “verb + bù + verb + object”
xiǎng + verb(object)	nǐ xiǎng bù xiǎng qù zhōngguó？——>You want or not want to go to China? (Do you want to go to China or not?) 你想不想去中国？	Note that if you have a modal verb (xiǎng or xǐhuan) in a sentence, then we normally use this structure: “modal verb + bù + modal verb + verb (object)”
verb + méi + verb + (guò) + (object) （Used in the past tense）
chī zǎofàn	Nǐ zuótiān chī méi chī zǎofàn？——>You yesterday have or not have eat breakfast? (Yesterday, did you eat breakfast or not?) 你昨天吃没吃早饭？
qù zhōngguó	Nǐ qù méi qù guò zhōngguó？——>You have or not have been to China? (Have you been to China or not?) 你去没去过中国？

Now, let’s look at how to ask questions with adjectives.

adjective + bù + adjective
guì	zhège ěrjī guì bù guì？——> This pair of earphones expensive or not expensive? (Is this pair of earphones expensive or not?) 这个耳机贵不贵？
gāo	tā gāo bù gāo？ ——> He tall or not tall? (Is he tall or not?) 他高不高？
Note that when we are using this structure, we don’t need an intensifier.

In Chinese, there are lots of two-character verbs and adjectives as well. When forming the two-character verb/adj questions with this structure, the structure is:

First Character of the Verb/Adj + bù + Two-Character Verb/Adj
verb - xǐhuān	nǐ xǐ bù xǐhuān zhè tiáo qúnzi？——> You like or not like this dress? (Do you like this dress or not?) 你喜不喜欢这条裙子？
adj. - piàoliàng	zhè tiáo qúnzi piào bù piàoliàng？——> This dress is pretty or not pretty? (Is this dress pretty or not?) 这条裙子漂不漂亮？

BONUS:

When using yǒu, since yǒu is negated with méi, we won’t use bù for affirmative-negative questions with yǒu. We can express current possession such as “Do you have dog or not” or verbs in the past such as “Did you go to China or not”. 

Subject + yǒuméiyǒu + Object

nǐ yǒuméiyǒu gǒu？——> Do you have or not have dog? (Do you have dogs or not?) 你有没有狗？

Subject + yǒuméiyǒu + verb phrase (Used in the past tense. —— The meaning is the same as verb méi verb)

Nǐ yǒuméiyǒu qù guò zhōngguó？——>You have or not have been to China? (Have you been to China or not?) 你有没有去过中国？

Nǐ zuótiān yǒuméiyǒu chī zǎofàn？——>You yesterday have or not have eat breakfast? (Yesterday, did you eat breakfast or not?) 你昨天有没有吃早饭？